A las farmacéuticas no les interesa atender mordeduras de serpientes, según expertos
SAN JOSE.- Las compañías farmacéuticas o las empresas privadas “no atienden a los efectos producidos por la mordeduras de serpientes venenosas”, según Alberto Alape Girón, catedrático de Bioquímica de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
En una entrevista con Efe, Alape Girón añadió que esto se debe a que las grandes compañías farmacéuticas o empresas privadas “no les resulta rentable fabricar antivenenos y los márgenes de ganancia no son tan llamativos porque este tipo de patología se da principalmente en los países pobres”.
El experto es director del Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP), dependiente de la Universidad de Costa Rica y uno de los mejores centros de investigación del mundo sobre el veneno de serpientes, así como suministrador importante de sueros para su tratamiento.
Precisamente, el ICP tuvo un gran protagonismo, junto al Ministerio de Salud costarricense, en la reciente inclusión de los envenenamientos por mordeduras de serpiente en la lista de Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), con el apoyo de 17 países.
“La decisión de la OMS supone que se va a permitir enfocar la atención de este problema con recursos. Pone el problema de salud pública en una categoría que permite visibilizarlo y enfocar recursos en su solución”, dijo Alape, que quiso resaltar la labor de años del investigador del ICP, el doctor José María Gutiérrez, así como la de la organización Global Snakebite Initiative.
La OMS estima que cada año al menos 2,5 millones de personas sufren estos envenenamientos, de las cuales 120.000 mueren y unas 300.000 quedan con algún tipo de secuela física y psicológica.
Estos accidentes ocurren, sobre todo, en personas adultas jóvenes y en niños y niñas que desarrollan faenas agrícolas.
“Básicamente el problema de serpientes es un problema de gente pobre en países pobres. De comunidades rurales, de personas marginadas económicamente y socialmente en países en vías de desarrollo”, aseveró el experto.
Afectados
Y tienen grandes implicaciones “porque debido a la mordedura o sus secuelas las personas quedan afectadas y tienen que suspender su capacidad laboral en parte o totalmente, lo que va más allá de un allá de un problema de salud”.
El problema más grave de los envenenamientos por mordedura de serpientes se encuentra en África “por el desabastecimiento de antivenenos precisamente porque a las grandes compañías farmacéuticas no les resulta rentable fabricarlos porque los márgenes de ganancia en estos países pobres no son llamativos”.
“En África el desabastecimiento es casi completo al que se añade otro problema: la red de distribución y que lleven los antivenenos adonde tienen que llegar, contando con que el personal medico sepa como administrarlos”.
En Asia y en América Latina “hay muchos países desabastecidos parcialmente o los sistemas de salud no llegan a todos los lugares o regiones y, aunque existan antivenenos, la disponibilidad es parcial”, añadió.
Para Alape la labor del ICP es fundamental ya que “producimos antivenenos y, además, programas de capacitación de personal médico, programa de visitas a comunidades en riesgo y educación en prevención y primeros auxilios”, con materiales en lenguas indígenas.
Costa Rica logró la inclusión del envenenamiento por las mordeduras de serpiente en la Lista de Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas por la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud en mayo de este año, aunque el anuncio oficial se realizó el 9 de junio.
A la iniciativa costarricense se sumaron las organizaciones Global Snakebite Initiative (GSI) y Health Action International (HAI) y se contó con el apoyo de Angola, Benín, Brasil, Camerún, Chad, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, México, Namibia, Holanda, Pakistan, Panamá, Filipinas, Perú y Uganda.
Costa Rica mantiene una larga tradición en el tratamiento del envenenamiento por mordeduras de serpientes, que tiene sus raíces en el trabajo pionero del científico Clodomiro Picado Twight, durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX, y que da nombre al Instituto.
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