Francia toma medida para enfrentar calentamiento global

In Destacadas
diciembre 13, 2015
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franciaFrancia.- Casi 200 países adoptaron el primer pacto global para combatir los cambios climáticos, llamando al mundo a reducir colectivamente y luego eliminar las emisiones de gases de invernadero, aunque no impone sanciones a las naciones que no lo hagan.

El “acuerdo de París” busca prevenir que las temperaturas globales suban otro grado Celsius entre ahora y el 2100, una demanda clave de países pobres azotados por la elevación de los niveles del mar y otros efectos del calentamiento global.

Fuertes aplausos estallaron en la sala de la conferencia una vez el canciller francés Laurent Fabius selló el acuerdo con un golpe de mazo. Algunos delegados sollozaron y otros se abrazaron. El acuerdo, dijo la ministra del Ambiente de Sudáfrica, Edna Molewa, “puede marcar un momento decisivo hacia un mundo mejor y más seguro”.

“Esto es grandioso”, dijo en Twitter el presidente estadounidense Barack Obama. “Casi todos los países del mundo acaban de firmar el Acuerdo de París sobre cambios climáticos — gracias al liderazgo estadounidense”.

También se comprometen a limitar el aumento de los gases causantes del efecto invernadero producidos por la actividad humana a un nivel que árboles, tierra y océanos puedan absorber de forma natural, a partir de algún momento entre el 2050 y 2100.

En términos prácticos, para lograr ese objetivo el mundo tendría que dejar de emitir en su totalidad los gases que provocan el efecto invernadero en los próximos 50 años, dijeron los científicos. Eso se debe a que cuanto menos se contamine, menos contaminantes absorbe la naturaleza.

Lograr esa reducción en emisiones requeriría una transformación de la forma en que la gente obtiene energía y muchos activistas temen que, pese a las promesas, los países no están listos para realizar cambios tan profundos y costosos.

El acuerdo ahora debe ser ratificado por los gobiernos individuales — al menos 55 países que representan al menos 55% de las emisiones globales — y entraría en vigor en el 2020. Es el primero en pedirle a todos los países que se unan para luchar contra el calentamiento global, lo que representa un cambio en el discurso de la ONU, que antes sólo pedía a los países ricos reducir sus emisiones.

El acuerdo compromete a los países a mantener el incremento de las temperaturas globales para el 2100 “bien por debajo” de 2 grados Celsius comparado con la era preindustrial y dice que tratarán de limitarlo aún más, a 1,5 Celsius.

El mundo ya se ha calentado 1 grado Celsius por encima de los tiempos preindustriales. La nueva versión eliminó conceptos polémicos como “neutralidad climática” o “neutralidad de emisiones” que aparecían en borradores anteriores pero eran rechazadas por China y otros países. Dice que las naciones ricas deben seguir brindando apoyo financiero a las naciones pobres para que enfrenten el cambio climático, pero no aclara cuánto.

También incluye una sección de “pérdidas y daños”, un tema impulsado por los pequeños países insulares y otros países vulnerables que quieren ayuda para recuperarse de los desastres del cambio climático y ascenso en el nivel del mar.

Nicaragua dijo que no apoyaría el pacto. Su enviado a las conversaciones, Paul Oquist, dijo que el acuerdo no basta para reducir el calentamiento global y ayudar a los países pobres afectados por él.

Nicaragua es uno de los nueve países participantes que no presentaron metas de reducción de emisiones, después de que la enviada de Venezuela, Claudia Salerno, dijo que a su país, que se resistía, le había gustado el acuerdo y presentó su compromiso.

Activistas que dicen el acuerdo no será suficiente realizaron protestas en París el sábado, llamando la atención hacia poblaciones amenazadas por el derretimiento de glaciares, elevación de los mares y expansión de desiertos.

Kumi Naidoo, de Greenpeace, elogió el acuerdo como in buen comienzo, pero dijo que no es suficiente. “Hoy, la raza humana se ha unido en una causa común, pero lo que realmente importa es lo que suceda después de esta conferencia”, dijo. “El acuerdo de por sí no va a sacarnos del hoyo en el que estamos, pero hace las paredes menos empinadas”.

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