El IDAC prohíbe vuelo de aviones no tripulados o drenes volar de noche sin autorización

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julio 20, 2015
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IDADC REGULA DRONESSanto Domingo.- El Instituto Dominicano de Aviación Civil (IDAC) reguló el uso de los drones o aeronaves no tripuladas en el país, limitando su utilización a una acreditación de sus operadores, y a reglamentaciones de altitud y de horarios de los vuelos no tripulados.

La norma tiene mayores exigencias para las aeronaves entre las 4.4 libras (2 kilogramos) y las 55 libras (25 kilos), que deberán ser de operación manual y mantener siempre contacto visual directo con su operador.

La resolución tiene carácter transitorio hasta tanto se emita una nueva normativa o reglamentación por el IDAC, o que la Organización Internacional de Aviación Civil (OACI) adopte y publique las normas sobre requisitos técnicos relacionados con la operación de drones.

El peso máximo de despegue permitido será de 55 libras, y se incluyen los accesorios, pero sin considerar el volumen de paracaídas, en caso de que lo tenga.

Los aparatos que pasen de este peso entran en otra categoría, y deberán solicitar al IDAC una autorización especial.

La resolución advierte a los operadores no exceder durante el tiempo de vuelo u operación 80% de la autonomía total de la aeronave establecida por el fabricante, ni durar más de 60 minutos en el aire.

“El traspaso del mando y control del drone a otro operador no podrá efectuarse con la aeronave en vuelo”, indica la normativa.

La resolución incluye en su definición de aeronaves no tripuladas a las que estén aptas para el traslado de cosas, ampliando así la mirada a los dispositivos de carga y no solo a los aparatos de filmación y toma de fotografías.

En lo adelante los drones tienen restricciones para operar en las noches sin autorización especial, y los operadores no podrán volar más de una aeronave de forma simultánea.

La altura del aparato no podrá superar nunca los 121 metros, o 400 pies.

Los requisitos básicos para obtener la credencial de vuelo obligan a sus operadores a ser mayores de edad, a hablar, escribir, leer y comprender el idioma español, y a acreditar que tiene instrucción teórica y práctica sobre el modelo de la aeronave no tripulada.

También incluye la aprobación de un examen escrito sobre la resolución que regula los vuelos y abarcará conocimientos aeronáuticos.

El IDAC contempla convalidar las licencias dadas por otros Estado para la operación de los aparatos.

Se trata de la resolución 008-2015, titulada “Regulación sobre el uso y operación de los sistemas de aeronaves pilotadas a distancia o drones en el territorio nacional”.

En ella se indica que no se puede operar la aeronave entre la puesta y la salida del sol, salvo que esté lo suficientemente iluminado como para brindar una advertencia visual igual a la requerida por el IDAC

La resolución regula también el uso aparatos no tripulados en manos de instituciones del Estado dominicano, con énfasis especial en la seguridad nacional.

Toda operación aérea con drones en actividades de vigilancia de la frontera, policía, apoyo de seguridad, apoyo de rescate y bombero, patrulla de pesca; o militares de inteligencia, vigilancia, reconocimiento, apoyo ante desastres naturales, se operará bajo las regulaciones de las propias instituciones.

Esas entidades también pueden regular las localidades desde donde sus drones pueden ser despegados, aterrizados y operados.

Cuando esas operaciones pudieran interferir con la navegación civil se deberá realizar la correspondiente coordinación con el IDAC, indica.

Las aeronaves no tripuladas de peso menor a 4.4 libras no necesitarán de autorización del Departamento de Operaciones del IDAC, aunque sí deberán cumplir con algunas condiciones.

Como el hecho de ser construidas con materiales flexibles, que al contacto con objetos o personas se puedan romper, o distorsionar. Y no deben exceder los 1,500 pies, 455 metros, de distancia en vuelo con su operador.

RESOLUCIÓN 008-2015 DE DRONES, IDAC

ALGUNAS ESPECIFICACIONES
El Departamento de Operaciones del IDAC será el encargado de las autorizaciones a interesados. Los solicitantes tienen que presentar una declaración jurada de responsabilidad solidaria, necesaria solo cuando haya más de una persona o entidad involucrada en la operación de la aeronave, como propietario, operador o contratante de servicios. También una credencial del o los operadores a utilizar y una póliza de seguro.

Durante la operación de vuelos las personas deberán tener su credencial, la autorización de operación otorgada por el IDAC y la tarjeta de registro del drone. No se podrá operar en zonas prohibidas, restringidas o peligrosas, categorizadas por el IDAC, a menos que cuente con autorización de la autoridad competente y de la entidad que controla el área. Operar desde un vehículo o aeronave en movimiento está prohibido, excepto que sea desde una embarcación en el agua.

Varias empresas habían manifestado a lDAC su interés en operar drones de carga en el país, como avance de la mensajería de paquetería. Es una idea que ha tomado cuerpo en otras naciones del mundo como Estados Unidos, y que ha puesto a soñar a compañías como Amazon que ha diseñado su propio aparato de vuelo.

El IDAC trabajaba desde hace meses en la regulación del espacio aéreo dominicano para drones o aeronaves no tripuladas. En el país se ha vuelto común el uso de los aparatos pero casi a exclusividad para actividades de filmación de videos musicales, espectáculos artísticos, tomas fotográficas aéreas y filmación de películas.

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